{"id":7724,"date":"2023-01-16T15:58:13","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T14:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksg-pcb.com\/?p=7724"},"modified":"2025-02-18T08:35:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T07:35:16","slug":"pcbs-in-the-caf-test-the-most-important-questions-and-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/leiterplatten-im-caf-test-die-wichtigsten-fragen-und-antworten\/","title":{"rendered":"Printed circuit boards in the CAF test: The most important questions and answers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7724\" class=\"elementor elementor-7724\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58e0dde0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58e0dde0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5510add9\" data-id=\"5510add9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355c5297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"355c5297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unfavorable environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations or high humidity do not only affect the surface of printed circuit boards. Conductive paths can also form inside the PCB between conductor structures with a potential difference, which can lead to a short circuit and cause a failure. In addition to the surface resistance, it is therefore also necessary to evaluate the volume resistance of the PCB with regard to its long-term resistance. The CAF test is used here as a suitable method.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10afb5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10afb5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a2af71\" data-id=\"4a2af71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fde1ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fde1ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What does CAF mean?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3817141 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3817141\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>CAF stands for Conductive Anodic Filament and describes the physical-chemical effect of ion migration - usually copper compounds - along glass fibers within the PCB. As a result of the migration, conductive paths are created which lead to a reduction in the insulation resistance between live conductor paths. In extreme cases, this causes a short circuit or failure of the module.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377edab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"377edab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What characterizes the failure process inside printed circuit boards?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d46ac74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d46ac74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In comparison to superficial change processes, which are achieved by means of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/sir-test-according-to-ipc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SIR test\u00a0<\/a>failure processes inside the PCB are generally slower. In addition, they are much more strongly influenced by the choice of material, layout and processing conditions than by incorrect handling or insufficient cleaning. The CAF test is becoming increasingly important, especially with ever smaller conductor spacing and overall component sizes in the course of miniaturization.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fa53a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fa53a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57355c7\" data-id=\"57355c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3416b7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3416b7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How does the CAF test work?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bbac0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bbac0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The test specimens with specific test structures are connected in the climate chamber with cables that are routed to the resistance measurement system on the outside. The system measures the absolute resistance and the leakage current at regular intervals, for example between rows of holes with opposite polarity or between holes and internal conductor runs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6133b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"6133b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/k-y9XfWaY1k&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e479b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e479b08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typical test conditions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-aging: 3x reflow simulation lead-free soldering<\/li>\n<li>Temperature: 85\u00b0 C<\/li>\n<li>Relative humidity 85 %<\/li>\n<li>Bias voltage: 100 - 1,000 V<\/li>\n<li>Test duration: 1,000 to 3,000 h<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Either the lower resistance limit (10 MOhm), the maximum resistance drop in relation to the initial resistance (3 tenths of a percent) or the upper leakage current limit are defined as failure criteria. The failure times are evaluated using Weibull statistics and the desired service life parameters for this type of fault are supplied.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9e072f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9e072f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0a97e9\" data-id=\"d0a97e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-001ebf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"001ebf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How can failure processes inside the printed circuit board be avoided?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8d0d03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8d0d03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1867b3a\" data-id=\"1867b3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72112e7 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"72112e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-info-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6967d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d6967d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The aim is to achieve a high resistance to degradation of the internal insulation properties. The following factors play a role here:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The selection of CAF-resistant base materials<\/li>\n<li>The use of layer structures that are optimized in terms of z-axis expansion in order to avoid delamination during processing<\/li>\n<li>A layout check for minimum distances<\/li>\n<li>The reduction of layout offset, which leads to shorter insulation distances<\/li>\n<li>The avoidance of process residues in the form of particles that shorten distances<\/li>\n<li>Clean handling<\/li>\n<li>High cleaning quality in all intermediate processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f21c480\" data-id=\"f21c480\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c6fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28c6fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren-768x543.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7755\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren-1536x1086.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/caf-test_haupteinflussfaktoren.png 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a998c8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a998c8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fc5eb2\" data-id=\"4fc5eb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec98e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ec98e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where can I find more information about the CAF test?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504827b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"504827b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Detailed information on the CAF test procedure and valuable expert tips directly from the KSG Group's quality laboratory are available in the XPERTS online seminar \"From gigaohms to short circuits: PCBs in the CAF climate test\" by Dr. Swantje Fr\u00fchauf and Holger B\u00f6nitz.\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/attendee.gotowebinar.com\/register\/8348384409896746335?source=Blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here<\/a>\u00a0to go to the registration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Printed circuit boards are tested intensively in advance to ensure that they work reliably even with high temperature fluctuations. KSG explains how.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":7727,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[367,371],"class_list":["post-7724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-impedanz","tag-strombelastbarkeit"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Leiterplatten im CAF-Test \u26af pcb-blog.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Der Volumenwiderstand hat neben dem Oberfl\u00e4chenwiderstand gro\u00dfen Einfluss auf die Langlebigkeit der Leiterplatte. 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