{"id":4780,"date":"2022-01-31T10:55:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T09:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksg-pcb.com\/?p=4780"},"modified":"2025-06-04T08:40:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T06:40:43","slug":"soldering-surfaces-electroless-nickel-gold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-chemisch-nickel-gold\/","title":{"rendered":"Soldering surfaces for printed circuit boards, Part 2: Electroless nickel-gold"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4780\" class=\"elementor elementor-4780\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6b449f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c6b449f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b5432 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"51b5432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Surface Contributions\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-51b5432\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26605\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaeche-leiterplatte-leiterplattenfinish-funktion-eigenschaften\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Part 1: Function and properties<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26604\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-chemisch-nickel-gold\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Part 2: Electroless nickel-gold<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26603\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-3-chemisch-zinn\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Part 3: Immersion tin<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26602\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-4-hal-bleifrei\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Part 4: HAL lead-free<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26601\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-5-osp\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Part 5: Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-51b5432\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26605\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaeche-leiterplatte-leiterplattenfinish-funktion-eigenschaften\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Part 1: Function and properties<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26604\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-chemisch-nickel-gold\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Part 2: Electroless nickel-gold<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26603\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-3-chemisch-zinn\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Part 3: Immersion tin<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26602\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-4-hal-bleifrei\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Part 4: HAL lead-free<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-26601\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/loetoberflaechen-fuer-leiterplatten-teil-5-osp\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Part 5: Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61f13e7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61f13e7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41d6d50d\" data-id=\"41d6d50d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3919fc28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3919fc28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Soldering surface<\/strong> electroless nickel\/gold (chem. NiAu) is also known as ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold). In a wet-chemical process, a 3 to 6 \u00b5m thin layer of nickel (phosphorus-doped) is first deposited on the copper surfaces of the component connections. The nickel layer forms a barrier for the 0.05 to 0.12 \u00b5m thin gold layer, which is then also applied chemically. During the soldering process, the nickel\/gold layer wets itself quickly and evenly with the solder. A sequence of nickel\/tin intermetallic phases with different compositions forms between the tin of the solder alloy and the nickel of the solder surface. The gold is completely dissolved during the soldering process. Ideally, after the solder has solidified, there is a uniform metallic zone a few micrometers thick that adheres firmly to the substrate and enables reliable SMD solder connections.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_4785\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4785\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4785\" src=\"https:\/\/ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Soldering surface electroless nickel gold\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Loetoberflaeche-chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Locheingang-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Micrograph of hole entrance with electroless nickel\/gold surface<\/figcaption><\/figure><h4><strong>Planar surface and 12-month shelf life<\/strong><\/h4><p>In addition to a planar soldering surface, NiAu also offers a long shelf life. With proper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/en\/storing-printed-circuit-boards-correctly-the-most-important-tips\/\">Storage<\/a> the PCB manufacturer provides a 12-month solderability warranty. The wetting of the solder pads is evaluated according to the J-STD-003 standard. The resulting nickel\/tin alloy is more brittle than a copper\/tin connection. The soldering surface is therefore not recommended for electronic assemblies that are exposed to strong bending or vibrations. Chemically NiAu is RoHS-compliant and described in IPC-4552. The layer thicknesses are measured non-destructively with an X-ray fluorescence test or in a destructive test with a microsection analysis. However, only the nickel layer is visible in the micrograph. The gold layer is too thin to be detected and measured in the micrograph.<\/p><p>The nickel\/gold surface is also suitable for switching contacts and wire bonding. ENIG is predestined for aluminum wire bonding in accordance with MIL-STD 883. In our opinion, the gold layer is too thin for gold wire bonding. However, we have customers who have validated the bonding process for themselves and for whose applications the gold wire base works. Chemically NiAu is only suitable for press-fit technology to a limited extent because nickel is brittle and hard. However, our customers have also validated the process for themselves.<\/p><p>The combination with electroplated nickel\/gold on the connector contacts at the edge of the PCB is possible. The electroplated gold surface for PCB connectors (hard gold or connector gold) is significantly thicker and more robust than with ENIG.<\/p><h4><strong>The most commonly used soldering surface<\/strong><\/h4><p>Chemically NiAu is the most commonly used soldering surface in Europe. An estimated 50 % of all PCBs manufactured in Europe have this finish, and the trend is rising (source: ZVEI). At KSG, ENIG is also by far the most commonly used PCB finish by customers. We estimate that with the increase in fine and ultra-fine conductor technologies, the production share of this surface will continue to rise.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_4787\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4787\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4787 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Loetoberflaeche-Struktur.png\" alt=\"Electroless nickel gold soldering surface\" width=\"330\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Loetoberflaeche-Struktur.png 330w, https:\/\/www.ksg-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Chemisch-Nickel-Gold-Loetoberflaeche-Struktur-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SEM image of a surface with the typical \"cauliflower\" structure of nickel deposition (source: IPC-4552)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electroless nickel-gold is the most commonly used soldering surface for printed circuit boards in Europe. Find out the reasons in our blog article.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":5132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[202,161],"class_list":["post-4780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-endoberflaechen","tag-loetoberflaechen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u00f6toberfl\u00e4chen f\u00fcr Leiterplatten: Chemisch Nickel\/Gold \u26af pcb-blog.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chemisch Nickel\/Gold ist die in Europa am meisten verwendete L\u00f6toberfl\u00e4che von Leiterplatten. 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